1.Real GDP

Source WDI
Details GDP Constant USD (2015)
Website https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators#advancedDownloadOptions
Unit Constant 2015 USD
Definition

GDP at purchaser’s prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2015 prices, expressed in U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using 2015 official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.

Date extracted 04/11/2024
Unavailable data
  • Venezuela 2000-2023
  • 2022 and/or 2023 data ONLY missing for: Lebanon, Qatar, Syria
Latest available datapoint 2023
Comment

 

2.Agriculture, value added (% of GDP)

Source WDI
Definition Value added in agriculture as a percentage of GDP
Website https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators#advancedDownloadOptions
Unit %
Details Agriculture corresponds to ISIC divisions 1-5 and includes forestry, hunting, and fishing, as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3 or 4.
Date extracted 04.11.24
Unavailable data – Armenia 2000-2011; Bahrain 2000-2005; Canada 2021-23, Venezuela 2015-2023
– 2022 and/or 2023 data ONLY missing for: Israel, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mozambique, New Zealand, Oman, Qatar, Peru, Syria, USA, UAE
Latest available datapoint 2023
Comment

 

3.Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Source WDI
Definition Gross fixed capital formation as a percentage of GDP
Website https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators#advancedDownloadOptions
Unit % of GDP
Details Gross fixed capital formation (formerly gross domestic fixed investment) includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation.
Date extracted 04.11.24
Unavailable data – Venezuela 2014-2023
– Cape Verde 2000-2023
– Ethiopia 2000-2010
– Kuwait 2000-2023
– Lao People’s Dem. Rep. 2017-2023
– Mozambique 2000-2023
– Nicaragua 2001-2005
– Nigeria 2000-2023
– Qatar 2000-2023
– Sri Lanka 2010 -2014
– Zambia 2000-2009, 2023
– UAE 2000,2021-2023
– 2022 and/or 2023 data ONLY missing for: Syria, Oman, USA, Qatar, Panama, New Zealand, Lebanon, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Jordan, Japan, China, Egypt, Eswatini, Bahrain, Bosnia Herzegovina
Latest available datapoint 2023
Comment – Data filled in for: Kuwait 2003-2019 from UNCTAD data hub country profile data for service exports;
– Data filled in for: Mozambique 2000-2020; Nigeria 2001 – 2022 from last year’s data

 

4.Industry, value added (% of GDP)

Source WDI
Definition Industry value added as percentage of GDP
Website https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators#advancedDownloadOptions
Unit % of GDP
Details Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3 or 4.
Date extracted 04.11.24
Unavailable data – Armenia 2000-2011
– Bahrain 2000-2005
– Kuwait 2000-2009, 2023
– Madagascar 2000-2006
– Qatar 2000-2010, 2023
– Venezuela 2015-2023
– 2022 and/or 2023 data ONLY missing for : Lebanon, Israel, Canada, Japan, Mozambique, New Zealand, Oman, Peru, Syria, USA, UAE
Latest available datapoint 2023
Comment

 

5.Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP)

Source WDI; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.
Definition Manufacturing value added as percentage of GDP
Website https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators#advancedDownloadOptions
Unit % GDP
Details Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Note: For VAB countries, gross value added at factor cost is used as the denominator.
Date extracted 04.11.24
Unavailable data – Armenia 2000-2011
– Bahrain 2000-2005
– Bulgaria 2000-2023
– Canada 2021-2023
– Syria 2000-2023
– Venezuela 2015-2023
– Vietnam 2000-2004
– Congo 2021- 2023
– China 2001-2003
– Russian federation 2000-2001
– 2022 and/or 2023 data ONLY missing for: USA, UAE , Senegal, Siberia, Qatar, Peru, Oman, Mozambique, New Zealand, Lebanon, Kuwait, Kenya, Japan, Israel, Iran, Gambia, Bolivia
Latest available datapoint 2023
Comment – Data filled in for : Bahrain 2000 – 2005 and Syria 2000 – 2021 from UNIDO CIP (retrieved 04-11-2024. Manufacturing value added share in total GDP)

 

6.Total natural resources rents (% of GDP)

Source WDI
Definition Total natural resources rents are the sum of oil rents, natural gas rents, coal rents (hard and soft), mineral rents, and forest rents.
Website https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators#advancedDownloadOptions
Unit % GDP
Details Estimates based on sources and methods described in “The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium” (World Bank, 2011).
Date extracted 04.11.24
Unavailable data – Kuwait 2021
– Syria 2021
– Venezuela 2015-2021
– 2022 and/or 2023 data ONLY missing for: ALL countries
Latest available datapoint 2021
Comment

 

7.Services, value added (% of GDP)

Source WDI; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.
Definition Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99 and they include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3 or 4.
Website https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators#advancedDownloadOptions
Unit
Details
Date extracted 04.11.24
Unavailable data – Canada 2021
– Venezuela 2015-2021
– 2022 and/or 2023 data ONLY missing for: Canada, Israel, Japan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mozambique, Oman, New Zealand, Peru, Qatar, Oman, Syria, USA, UAE, Venezuela
Latest available datapoint 2023
Comment

 

8. Medium- and High-tech Manufacturing Value Added share in total manufacturing value added

Source WDI;
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Competitive Industrial Performance (CIP) database
Definition
Website https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
Unit %
Details The proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in total value added of manufacturing
Date extracted 04.11.24
Unavailable data
Latest available datapoint 2021
Comment

 

9.Manufacturing Value Added per capita

Source UNIDO CIP
Definition
Website https://stat.unido.org/data/table?dataset=cip
Unit Value per capita
Details
Date extracted 04.11.24
Unavailable data
Latest available datapoint 2022
Comment

 

10.Exports of goods and services (current USD)

Source World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.
Definition Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Website https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
Unit Current USD
Details
Date extracted 04.11.24
Unavailable data – Angola 2000-2001
– Ethiopia 2000-2010
– Jamaica 2020-2023
– Lao People’s Dem. Rep. 2017-2023
– Nigeria 2000-2023
– Sri lanka 2010-2014
– UAE 2000, 2021-2023
– Venezuela 2015-2023
– 2022 and/or 2023 data ONLY missing for: Bahrain, Eswatini, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Mozambique, New Zealand, Oman, Panama, Qatar, Syria, Vietnam
Latest available datapoint 2023
Comment – Data filled in for: Ethiopia 2005 – 2010 from UNCTAD website
– Data filled in for Nigeria 2000-2021 from last year’s series
– Data filled in for: Bahrain 2022 –2023, Kuwait 2021 – 2022,
– Oman 2022 – 2023, Qatar 2023 from REO data for imports and exports – October 2024 version of REO MCD statistical appendix in English

 

11.Fuel exports (Percentage of merchandise exports)

Source WDI
Definition Fuels comprise the commodities in SITC section 3 (mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials).
Website https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
Unit %
Details WDI data cites the World Bank staff estimates through the WITS platform from the Comtrade database maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division.
Latest available data 2023
Date extracted 04.11.24
Unavailable data – Algeria 2018-2023
– Angola 2000-2008, 2023
– Bangladesh 2014-2023
– Belarus 2021-2023
– Bosnia Herzegovina 2000-2002
– Cambodia 2006–2011, 2023
– Cape Verde 2008. 2013-2018. 2020
– Congo 2000-2006, 2022
– Ethiopia 2000, 2003, 2006, 2023
– Gambia 2004-2007, 2023
– Ghana 2002, 2020
– Honduras 2008, 2013, 2022-2023
– Iran 2007-2009, 2012, 2022-2023
– Israel 2021-2023
– Kenya 2011, 2012, 2014
– Kuwait 2005, 2012-2013
– Lao People’s Dem. Rep. 2000-2009, 2022-2023
– Mongolia 2008-2012, 2023
– Nepal 2000-2009, 2016, 2019, 2020, 2023
– Nigeria 2004-2005
– Rwanda 2000, 2023
– Serbia 2003, 2008-2023
– Sri Lanka 2018
– Syria 2011-2023
– Venezuela 2007, 2014-2023
– 2022 and/or 2023 data ONLY missing for: Costa Rica, Cote d’Ivoire Ecuador, Eswatini, Cameroon, Indonesia, Korea, Niger, Oman, Peru, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Thailand, Tunisia, Uganda, UAE, Vietnam
Latest available datapoint 2023
Comment We compared the WTO data for this indicator with WB (WDI) dataset and decided to go with WDI data.

 

12.HH Mkt Concentration Index

Source WITS
Definition Hirschman Herfindahl index is a measure of the dispersion of trade value across an exporter’s partners. A country with trade (export or import) that is concentrated in a very few markets will have an index value close to 1. Similarly, a country with a perfectly diversified trade portfolio will have an index close to zero.
Website https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/country/by-country/startyear/ltst/endyear/ltst/indicator/HH-MKT-CNCNTRTN-NDX
Unit Index value (0 to 1)
Details
Date extracted 04.11.24
Unavailable data – Algeria 2018-2022
– Angola 2000-2006,2008
– Bangladesh 2014-2022
– Bosnia Herzegovina 2000-2002
– Congo 2000-2006, 2022
– Iran 2008-2009, 2012,2022
– Kenya 2011-2012,2014
– Kuwait 2009,2012,2022
– Lao People’s Dem. Rep. 2000-2009
– Mongolia 2002,2008-2012
– Nepal 2001-2008
– Nigeria 2004,2005
– Pakistan 2000-2002
– Romania 2000-2022
– Serbia 2000-2022
– Syria 2000,2011-2022
– Venezuela 2014-2022
– Missing ONLY 2021 data: Algeria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Cameroon, Congo, Eswatini, Gambia, Honduras, Iran, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Uganda
Latest available datapoint 2022
Comment

 

13.Imports of goods and services (current USD)

Source WDI; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data file
Definition Imports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Website https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
Unit USD
Details
Date extracted 04.11.24
Unavailable data – Angola 2000-2001
– Ethiopia 2000-2010
– Jamaica 2020-2023
– Kuwait 2020-2023
– Lao People’s Dem. Rep. 2017-2023
– Nigeria 2000-2023
– Sri Lanka 2010-2014
– UAE 2000, 2022-2023
– Venezuela 2015-2023
– Bahrain, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Eswatini, Lebanon, Mozambique, New Zealand, Oman, Panama, Qatar, Syria, USA, Vietnam
Latest available datapoint 2023
Comment – Data for Bahrain 2022 – 2023 , Kuwait 2021 – 2022, Oman 2022 – 2023, Qatar 2023 from REO data for imports and exports (October 2024 version of REO MCD statistical appendix in English);
– Data for Ethiopia 2005 – 2010 retrieved from exports and imports (USD) of goods and services, from UNCTAD website, retrieved 18.11.2024. https://unctadstat.unctad.org/datacentre/dataviewer/US.GoodsAndServicesBpm6
– Data for Nigeria 2000-2021 is filled in by copying last year’s data as is

 

14.Manufactures exports (Percentage of merchandise exports)

Source WDI; World Bank staff estimates through the WITS platform from the Comtrade database maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division.
Definition Manufactures comprise commodities in SITC sections 5 (chemicals), 6 (basic manufactures), 7 (machinery and transport equipment), and 8 (miscellaneous manufactured goods), excluding division 68 (non-ferrous metals).
Website https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
Unit %
Details
Date extracted 05.11.24
Unavailable data – Belarus, Albania, Peru, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cote d’Ivoire, Indonesia, Niger, Oman, Senegal, Thailand, Vietnam, Ecuador, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Tunisia, Uganda, UAE
– Venezuela 2007, 2014-2023
– Syria 2011-2023
– Serbia 2003, 2008-2023
– Sri Lanka 2018
– Syria 2011-2023
– Rwanda 2000, 2023
– Nigeria 2004-2005
– Kenya 2011,2012,2014
– Kuwait 2005, 2012, 2023
– Lao People’s Dem. Rep. 2000-2009, 2022, 2023
– Mongolia 2008-2012, 2023
– Cape Verde 2008
– Ghana 2002, 2020
– Honduras 2008,2013, 2022-2023
– Iran 2007-2023,2022,2023
– Congo 2000-2006, 2022, 2023
– Bosnia Herzegovina 2000-2002
– Algeria 2018-2023
– Angola 2000-2014,2023
– Bangladesh 2014-2023
Latest available datapoint 2023
Comment

 

15.Medium and high-tech exports (% manufactured exports)

Source United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Competitive Industrial Performance (CIP) database
Definition Share of medium and high-tech manufactured exports in total manufactured exports.
Website https://stat.unido.org/cip
Unit %
Details
Date extracted 05.11.24
Unavailable data
Latest available datapoint 2022
Comment

 

16.Excise_Tax_Revenue_as_%_of_GDP

Source WDI
Definition Merchandise trade as a share of GDP is the sum of merchandise exports and imports divided by the value of GDP, all in current U.S. dollars.
Website https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
Unit %
Details
Date extracted 2023
Unavailable data – Qatar, Syria
– Serbia 2000-2005
– Venezuela 2015- 2023
Latest available datapoint 05.11.24
Comment

 

17.Service exports (BoP, current USD)

Source WDI; International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files
Definition Services refer to economic output of intangible commodities that may be produced, transferred, and consumed at the same time. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Website https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
Unit Current USD
Details
Date extracted 05.11.24
Unavailable data – Algeria 2000-2004
– Austria 2000-2004
– Belgium 2000-2001
– Congo 2017-2018, 2022-2023
– Côte d’Ivoire 2000-2004, 2023
– Gambia 2000-2002, 2023
– Iran 2001-2023
– Lebanon 2000-2001
– Mozambique 2000-2004, 2023
– Qatar 2000-2010
– Rwanda 2000-2009
– Senegal 2009, 2022-2023
– Serbia 2000-2006
– Syria 2011-2023
– UAE 2000-2023
– Venezuela 2017-2023
– Jordan, Kenya, Tanzania, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Dem. Rep., Cameroon, Malta, Niger, Oman, Tunisia, Uganda
Latest available datapoint 2023
Comment – Data filled in for: Iran 2005 – 2023, Oman 2023, and Qatar 2005 – 2010 ; 2022 – 23 from General Profile | Data Hub (UNCTAD country profile data, for service exports)
– Data for Iran between 2001-2004: filled in from Central bank of Iran (millions of USD)- same as used in EDI 2024 report
– Data for UAE: 2000 – 2004 from 2020 data sources; 2005 – 2009 data from UNCTAD country profile data – data hub ; 2010 – 11 data from FCSA website retrieved in 2023; 2012 – 21 data from FCSA website retrieved in Nov 2024 (12/11/24); 2022 – 2023 data from UNCTAD data hub

 

18.Excise Tax Revenue as a Percent of GDP

Source IMF
Definition Excise Tax Revenue as a Percent of GDP
Website https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/fiscal-policies/world-revenue-longitudinal-database
Unit % of GDP
Details – Main data download is taken from the excel sheet in the IMF website (IMF WORLD data, Nov 2024 update, see “Website” link above).
– In cases where there is a series missing more than 70% data points, and where we previously had a somewhat complete series using the WorLD data update from 2022 (https://data.imf.org/?sk=77413F1D-1525-450A-A23A-47AEED40FE78) , or the IMF detailed revenue breakdown page by country (https://data.imf.org/regular.aspx?key=60991467) , the UNU WIDER dataset (https://www5.wider.unu.edu/) or IMF Country Article IVs or previous year’s data : we use the data we previously had and clearly state where it is coming from indicator by indicator;
– Where we have less than 70% of the series missing (and maybe had a more complete series), we use the new data and leave the blanks to be filled in (by extrapolation/inferential statistics). It is ok to use our old data for one indicator (e.g. Congo Excise tax) and the other 5 from the new database.
Date extracted 22.11.24
Unavailable data
Latest available datapoint 2022
Comment Filled in from IMF WoRLD 2022 update data (https://data.imf.org/?sk=77413F1D-1525-450A-A23A-47AEED40FE78) are the following:- UAE 2001-2010
– Bahrain 2000-2004
– Belarus 2000 – 2023
– Cote d’Ivoire 2000-2013
– Congo 2000 – 2020
– Colombia 2000- 2007
– Ecuador 2000-2012
– Honduras 2000 -2020
– Kazakhstan 2000 – 2020
– Kuwait 2000 – 2023
– Madagascar 2000 – 2009
– Mexico 2000-2007
– Mongolia 2000 – 2007
– New Zealand 2000 – 2008
– Oman 2010 – 2018

Other data sources: (Note that if any year-countries mentioned below overlap with the year-countries mentioned above, then the sources mentioned for the fill ins below take precedence, ie., are the correct sources for that year-country combination datapoint) –

Bahrain: 2004 – 2013 filled in from UNU wider
Belarus 2003 – 2007, Honduras 2020, Kazakhstan 2021 – 2022, from IMF country revenue breakdown
Kuwait 2016 – 2019, data from 2023 (national sources)
Kuwait 2020 – 2023, Article IV data IMF, 2000- 2015, filled in manually by us this year
Congo 2020, Oman 2000 – 2010 – UNU Wider
Qatar 2000- 2003,2011-2018 – filled in from 2023 (National sources) ;
2003-2011 – IMF country revenue breakdown
Saudi Arabia 2000-2009 UNU WIDER, 2010- 2017 data filled in from 2023 (article IV), 2018 from IMF detail revenue breakdown page

 

19.Income Tax Revenue as percent of GDP

Source IMF
Definition Income tax revenue of the country as a % of GDP of the country
Website https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/fiscal-policies/world-revenue-longitudinal-database
Unit %
Details – Main data download is taken from the excel sheet in the IMF website (IMF WORLD data, Nov 2024 update, see “Website” link above).
– In cases where there is a series missing more than 70% data points, and where we previously had a somewhat complete series using the WorLD data update from 2022 (https://data.imf.org/?sk=77413F1D-1525-450A-A23A-47AEED40FE78 ) , or the IMF detailed revenue breakdown page by country (https://data.imf.org/regular.aspx?key=60991467) , the UNU WIDER dataset (https://www5.wider.unu.edu/) or IMF Country Article IVs or previous year’s data : we use the data we previously had and clearly state where it is coming from indicator by indicator;
– Where we have less than 70% of the series missing (and maybe had a more complete series), we use the new data and leave the blanks to be filled in (by extrapolation/inferential statistics). It is ok to use our old data for one indicator (e.g. Congo Excise tax) and the other 5 from the new database.
Date extracted 22.11.24
Unavailable data
Latest available datapoint 2022
Comment Filled in from IMF WoRLD 2022 update data (https://data.imf.org/?sk=77413F1D-1525-450A-A23A-47AEED40FE78) are the following:
Bahrain 2000 – 2020, Exception: 2010 Bahrain data from UNU WIDERColombia 2000 – 2007
Ecuador 2000 – 2012
Madagascar 2000 – 2009
Mexico 2000 – 2007
Mongolia 2000 – 2007
New Zealand 2000 – 2008

 

20.Goods & Services Tax Revenue as a percent of GDP

Source IMF
Definition
Website https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/fiscal-policies/world-revenue-longitudinal-database
Unit % of GDP
Details – Main data download is taken from the excel sheet in the IMF website (IMF WORLD data, Nov 2024 update, see “Website” link above).
– In cases where there is a series missing more than 70% data points, and where we previously had a somewhat complete series using the WorLD data update from 2022 (https://data.imf.org/?sk=77413F1D-1525-450A-A23A-47AEED40FE78) , or the IMF detailed revenue breakdown page by country (https://data.imf.org/regular.aspx?key=60991467) , the UNU WIDER dataset (https://www5.wider.unu.edu/) or IMF Country Article IVs or previous year’s data : we use the data we previously had and clearly state where it is coming from indicator by indicator;
– Where we have less than 70% of the series missing (and maybe had a more complete series), we use the new data and leave the blanks to be filled in (by extrapolation/inferential statistics). It is ok to use our old data for one indicator (e.g. Congo Excise tax) and the other 5 from the new database.
Date extracted 22.11.24
Unavailable data
Latest available datapoint 2022
Comment Filled in from IMF WoRLD 2022 update data (https://data.imf.org/?sk=77413F1D-1525-450A-A23A-47AEED40FE78) are the following:Kuwait 2015
Madagascar 2000-2009
Mexico 2000-2007
Mongolia 2000 – 2007
New Zealand 2000 – 2008
Oman 2014 – 2018
Qatar 2003 – 2011

For Kuwait 2000- 2008 from filled in from 2020 data (similar to the fill made in 2023 dataset)
For Oman 2000 – 2013 data filled in from UNU Wider ; for 2004 – 2010 from IMF detailed revenue breakdown page (https://data.imf.org/regular.aspx?key=60991467) , 2000-2003 & 2011- 2018 from national sources (filled in same as 2023 dataset)

 

21.Tax Revenue as a percentage of GDP

Source IMF
Definition
Website https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/fiscal-policies/world-revenue-longitudinal-database
Unit % of GDP
Details – Main data download is taken from the excel sheet in the IMF website (IMF WORLD data, Nov 2024 update, see “Website” link above).
– In cases where there is a series missing more than 70% data points, and where we previously had a somewhat complete series using the WorLD data update from 2022 (https://data.imf.org/?sk=77413F1D-1525-450A-A23A-47AEED40FE78) , or the IMF detailed revenue breakdown page by country (https://data.imf.org/regular.aspx?key=60991467) , the UNU WIDER dataset (https://www5.wider.unu.edu/) or IMF Country Article IVs or previous year’s data : we use the data we previously had and clearly state where it is coming from indicator by indicator;
– Where we have less than 70% of the series missing (and maybe had a more complete series), we use the new data and leave the blanks to be filled in (by extrapolation/inferential statistics). It is ok to use our old data for one indicator (e.g. Congo Excise tax) and the other 5 from the new database.
Date extracted 22.11.24
Unavailable data
Latest available datapoint 2022
Comment Filled in from IMF WoRLD 2022 update data (https://data.imf.org/?sk=77413F1D-1525-450A-A23A-47AEED40FE78) are the following:
Bahrain 2000 – 2020
Colombia 2000 – 2007
Ecuador 2000 – 2012
Madagascar 2000 – 2009
Mexico 2000 – 2007
Mongolia 2000 – 2007
New Zealand 2000 – 2008

 

22.Total Revenue as a % of GDP

Date extracted 22.11.24

Source IMF
Definition
Website https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/fiscal-policies/world-revenue-longitudinal-database
Unit % of GDP
Details – Main data download is taken from the excel sheet in the IMF website (IMF WORLD data, Nov 2024 update, see “Website” link above).
– In cases where there is a series missing more than 70% data points, and where we previously had a somewhat complete series using the WorLD data update from 2022 (https://data.imf.org/?sk=77413F1D-1525-450A-A23A-47AEED40FE78) , or the IMF detailed revenue breakdown page by country (https://data.imf.org/regular.aspx?key=60991467) , the UNU WIDER dataset (https://www5.wider.unu.edu/) or IMF Country Article IVs or previous year’s data : we use the data we previously had and clearly state where it is coming from indicator by indicator;
– Where we have less than 70% of the series missing (and maybe had a more complete series), we use the new data and leave the blanks to be filled in (by extrapolation/inferential statistics). It is ok to use our old data for one indicator (e.g. Congo Excise tax) and the other 5 from the new database.
Unavailable data
Latest available datapoint 2022
Comment Filled in from IMF WoRLD 2022 update data (https://data.imf.org/?sk=77413F1D-1525-450A-A23A-47AEED40FE78) are the following:Colombia 2000 – 2007
Ecuador 2000 – 2012
Madagascar 2000 – 2009
Mexico 2000 – 2007
Mongolia 2000 – 2007

 

23.Trade Revenue as a percent of GDP

Source IMF
Definition
Website https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/fiscal-policies/world-revenue-longitudinal-database
Unit % of GDP
Details – Main data download is taken from the excel sheet in the IMF website (IMF WORLD data, Nov 2024 update, see “Website” link above).
– In cases where there is a series missing more than 70% data points, and where we previously had a somewhat complete series using the WorLD data update from 2022 (https://data.imf.org/?sk=77413F1D-1525-450A-A23A-47AEED40FE78) , or the IMF detailed revenue breakdown page by country (https://data.imf.org/regular.aspx?key=60991467) , the UNU WIDER dataset (https://www5.wider.unu.edu/) or IMF Country Article IVs or previous year’s data : we use the data we previously had and clearly state where it is coming from indicator by indicator;
– Where we have less than 70% of the series missing (and maybe had a more complete series), we use the new data and leave the blanks to be filled in (by extrapolation/inferential statistics). It is ok to use our old data for one indicator (e.g. Congo Excise tax) and the other 5 from the new database.
Date extracted 22.11.24
Unavailable data
Latest available datapoint 2022
Comment Filled in from IMF WoRLD 2022 update data (https://data.imf.org/?sk=77413F1D-1525-450A-A23A-47AEED40FE78) are the following:
Colombia 2000 – 2007
Ecuador 2000 – 2012
Madagascar 2000 – 2009
Mexico 2000 – 2007
New Zealand 2000 – 2008

 

24.Exports Concentration Index

Source UNCTAD
Definition This index measures, for each country, the degree of concentration of goods exported (it does not include services). It tells us if a large share of a country’s exports is accounted for by a small number of commodities or, on the contrary, if its exports are well distributed among many products.
Website https://unctadstat.unctad.org/
Unit
Details
Date extracted 07.11.24
Unavailable data Serbia 2000-2006Series got removed this year for:
Czech Republic
Romania
Latest available datapoint 2023
Comment

 

25.Imports Concentration Index

Source UNCTAD
Definition This index measures, for each country, the degree of concentration of imports of goods. It tells us if a large share of country’s imports relies on a small number of commodities or, conversely, if imports are well distributed among many types of products.
Website https://unctadstat.unctad.org/
Unit
Details
Date extracted 07.11.24
Unavailable data Serbia 2000-2007Series got removed this year for:
Czech Republic
Romania
Latest available datapoint 2023
Comment

 

26.ICT services as a percentage of trade in services (EDI+ indicator)

Source WDI
Definition Share of ICT services trade in total services.
Website https://unctadstat.unctad.org/; https://unctadstat.unctad.org/datacentre/reportInfo/US.TradeServICT
Unit %
Details ICT services are an aggregation of computer and telecommunications services. ICT services were defined by UNCTAD in a technical note in 2015 as well as in a report of the 47th United Nations Statistical Commission in 2016.

The statistics presented correspond to the concepts and Details of the IMF Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Sixth Edition (BPM6, 2009). Figures reported according to the fifth edition of the Manual (BPM5) have been adjusted to the BPM6  Details, provided that such adjustment was possible. When possible, the values missing in principal international sources are estimated by using growth rates derived from the data available in national or other international sources.
Date extracted 11.11.24
Unavailable data Cameroon 2010
Cape Verde 2010-2011
Congo 2018
Czech Republic 2010-2021
Egypt 2013-2017
Eswatini 2010
Finland 2010-2012
France 2010
Ghana 2010-2017
Iceland 2010-2012
Iran 2019-2021
Jordan 2010-2021
Malta 2015-2021
Netherlands 2010-2013
New Zealand 2010-2014
Qatar 2010-2021
Niger 2010
Romania 2010-2021
Saudi 2010-2021
Singapore 2010
Slovakia 2010-2012
South Africa 2010-2021
Spain 2010-2012
Switzerland 2010-2021
Syria 2012-2021
United Arab Emirates 2010-2012
Venezuela 2017-2018,2021
Vietnam 2015-2017
Latest available datapoint 2022
Comment Only used to calculate EDI+ index scores

 

27.Digitally deliverable services exports as a % of total trade in services (EDI+ indicator)

Source UNCTAD
Definition Share of digitally deliverable services in total services
Website https://unctadstat.unctad.org/
Unit %
Details

Digitally deliverable services comprise those services which can be delivered remotely over computer networks. It is important to note that a product being digitally deliverable does not mean that it is always digitally delivered when traded internationally. Digitally deliverable trade will therefore be greater than trade that is actually digitally delivered.These statistics are compiled by aggregating relevant products available in international services trade datasets as identified in Chapter 4 of the IMF-OECD-UNCTAD-WTO Handbook on Measuring Digital Trade (2023). The following EBOPS-2010* services categories are covered: insurance and pension services; financial services; charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e.; telecommunications, computer and information services; research and development services; professional and management consulting services; architectural, engineering, scientific and other technical services; trade-related services; other business services n.i.e.; audio-visual and related services; health services and education services (excluding those consumed during international travel); heritage and recreational services.

The digital intermediation services provided by digital intermediation platforms (DIPs) should, in principle, be recorded within trade-related services. In practice, these may not be accurately accounted for in most countries. Furthermore, digitally deliverable services consumed while abroad (Mode 2 services supply) should also be included in principle. However, these are recorded within the EBOPS-2010 category “travel” and cannot be separated out from the available statistics.

Date extracted 11.11.24
Unavailable data Czech Republic 2010-2021
Albania 2017-2021
Congo 2018
Ecuador 2010-2015
Kyrgyzstan 2014, 2019
Lebanon, Malta 2019
Peru 2012-2021
Romania 2010-2021
Spain 2010-2021
Thailand 2019-2021
Tunisia 2014-2018
Turkey 2010-2012
UAE 2010-2013
Uruguay 2012- 2021
Venezuela 2017-2018, 2021
Vietnam 2015 -20192022 data missing for:
Congo
Czech Republic
Iran
Malta
Peru
Romania
Senegal
Syria
Thailand
Uruguay
Venezuela

2023 data unavailable for:
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Czech Republic
Egypt
Eswatini
Gambia
Iran
Kenya
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People’s Dem. Rep.
Madagascar
Malta
Mexico
Namibia
Niger
Oman
Peru
Romania
Senegal

Latest available datapoint 2023
Comment Only used to calculate EDI+ index scores

 

28.Exports of ICT Goods as a percent of Total Exports (EDI+ indicator)

Source UNCTAD
Definition Share of ICT goods as a percentage of total trade, annual
Website https://unctadstat.unctad.org/
Unit %
Details The shares of information and communication technology (ICT) goods in total merchandise exports. The Details of ICT goods and categories corresponds with OECD (2011) guidelines. It has been adapted to Harmonized System classification (HS) 2012 and HS 2017 by UNCTAD in collaboration with the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), as documented in the UNCTAD ICT4D technical notes 2 and 10, available online at: https://unctad.org/en/Pages/DTL/STI and ICTs/ICT4D-Technical-Notes.aspx. The new list of ICT goods contains 94 codes defined at the 6-digital level of HS 2017.
Date extracted 11.11.24
Unavailable data Algeria 2018-2022
Angola 2010-2014
Bangladesh 2014-2022
Panama 2021, 2022
Qatar 2010-2012, 2019
Romania 2010-2022
Cameroon 2020-2022
Cape Verde 2013-2022
Cote D’Ivoire 2021-022
Czech Republic 2010-2022
Ghana 2020-2022
Honduras 2013,2022
Iran 2012-2022
Kenya 2011, 2014, 2022
Kuwait 2012,2022
Mongolia 2010-2012, 2022
Nigeria 2016,2020,2022
Uganda 2021-2022
UAE 2010-2011
Venezuela 2011-2022
Sri Lanka 2018
Syria 2011-20222022 data not available for:
Belarus
Colombia
Congo
Costa Rica
Congo
Cambodia
Colombia
Ecuador
Eswatini
Ethiopia
Indonesia
Madagascar
Lao
Gambia
Madagascar
Malaysia
Nepal
Peru
Oman
Pakistan
Russia
Romania
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Thailand
Tunisia
Vietnam
Zambia
Latest available datapoint 2022
Comment Only used to calculate EDI+ index scores

Table 1. EDI sub-indicators

Sub-index

Variables

Source

(Latest available year of data)

Output

Real GDP

WDI (2023)

Agriculture, value added, as a percentage of GDP

WDI (2023)

Gross fixed capital formation as a percentage of GDP

WDI (2023)

Industry as a percentage of GDP

WDI (2023)

Manufacturing value added, as a percentage of GDP

WDI (2023)

Total natural resource rents as a percentage of GDP

WDI (2021)

Services value added, as a percentage of GDP

WDI (2021)

Medium and high technology manufacturing value added share in total manufacturing value added

WDI (2021)

Manufacturing value added per capita

UNIDO CIP

Trade

Total value of exports

WDI (2023)

Fuel exports as percentage of merchandise exports

WDI (2023)

Export market concentration index (Hirschman-Herfindahl Index, HHI)

WITS (2022)

Total value of imports

WDI (2023)

Manufactured exports as a percentage of total merchandise exports

WDI (2023)

Medium and high technology manufactured exports as a percentage of total manufactured exports

UNIDO (2022)

Merchandise trade as a percentage of GDP

WDI (2023)

Total value of services exports

WDI (2023)

Export product concentration index

UNCTAD (2023)

Import product concentration index

UNCTAD (2023)

Revenue

Excise tax revenue as a percentage of GDP

IMF (2022)

Income tax revenue as a percentage of GDP

IMF (2022)

Goods and services tax revenue as a percentage of GDP

IMF (2022)

Tax revenue as a percentage of GDP

IMF (2022)

Total revenue as a percentage of GDP

IMF (2022)

Trade revenue as a percentage of GDP

IMF (2022)

Table 2. EDI+ sub-indicators

Sub-index

Variables

Source

Trade

Digitally deliverable services exports as a % of total trade in services

UNCTAD (2023)

Exports of ICT Goods as a % of Total Exports

UNCTAD (2023)

ICT services as a % of trade in services

UNCTAD (2023)

Regional Grouping*

East Asia & the Pacific Eastern Europe & Central Asia Latam & Carribean MENA North America South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Western Europe
Australia Albania Argentina Algeria Canada Bangladesh Angola Austria
Cambodia Armenia Bolivia Bahrain United States of America India Botswana Belgium
China Azerbaijan Brazil Egypt Nepal Cote d’Ivoire Cyprus
Indonesia Belarus Chile Iran Pakistan Cameroon Denmark
Japan Bosnia Colombia Israel Sri Lanka Congo Finland
Korea, Republic of Croatia Costa Rica Jordan Eswatini France
Malaysia Czechia Ecuador Kuwait Ethiopia Germany
Mongolia Estonia El Salvador Lebanon Gambia Greece
New Zealand Georgia Guatemala Morocco Ghana Iceland
Philippines Hungary Honduras Oman Kenya Ireland
Singapore Kazakhstan Jamaica Qatar Madagascar Italy
Thailand Kyrgyzstan Mexico Saudi Arabia Mauritius Luxembourg
Vietnam Latvia Nicaragua Turkey Mozambique Malta
Lithuania Panama Tunisia Namibia Netherlands
Moldova, Republic of Paraguay United Arab Emirates Niger Norway
Poland Peru Nigeria Portugal
Romania Uruguay Rwanda Spain
Russian Federation Senegal Sweden
Slovakia South Africa Switzerland
Slovenia Tanzania United Kingdom
Ukraine Uganda
Zambia

* World Bank classifies Malta as part of MENA & Turkey as Europe

* IMF classifies Malta as part of Euro area & Turkey as Emerging Europe

 

Table C.2. Income Grouping **

 

High Income Low Income Lower middle income Upper middle income
Australia Ethiopia Angola Albania
Austria Gambia Bangladesh Algeria
Bahrain Madagascar Bolivia Argentina
Belgium Mozambique Cambodia Armenia
Canada Niger Cameroon Azerbaijan
Chile Rwanda Congo, Rep. Belarus
Croatia Uganda Côte d’ivoire Bosnia
Cyprus Egypt, Arab Rep. Botswana
Czech Republic Eswatini Brazil
Denmark Ghana China
Estonia Honduras Colombia
Finland India Costa Rica
France Jordan Ecuador
Germany Kenya El Salvador
Greece Krygyz Republic Georgia
Hungary Lebanon Guatemala
Iceland Morocco Indonesia
Ireland Nepal Iran, Islamic Rep.
Israel Nicaragua Jamaica
Italy Nigeria Kazakhstan
Japan Pakistan Malaysia
Korea, Rep. Philippines Mauritius
Kuwait Senegal Mexico
Latvia Sri Lanka Moldova
Lithuania Tanzania Mongolia
Luxembourg Tunisia Namibia
Malta Vietnam Paraguay
Netherlands Zambia Peru
New Zealand Russian Federation
Norway Serbia
Oman South Africa
Panama Thailand
Poland Turkey
Portugal Ukraine
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay

 

** The regional groupings are based on the World Bank’s country classifications by income level, the July update using the GNI per capita, Atlas Method. Retrieved in Dec 2024 from: https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups

C.3. Commodity-producer groupings

Country Name Main Resource/ Commodity Resource Rents (% of GDP) % share of all commodities in total merchandise exports
Algeria Fuel exports 23.9 97.0
Angola Fuel exports 33.9 96.5
Argentina Agricultural exports 3.2 65.4
Australia Minerals, ore and metals exports 5.4 74.2
Azerbaijan Fuel exports 28.0 95.6
Bahrain Fuel exports 19.0 81.5
Bolivia Minerals, ore and metals exports 8.1 84.3
Cameroon Fuel exports 6.7 87.8
Chile Minerals, ores and metals exports 8.4 84.2
Colombia Fuel exports 5.7 69.8
Congo Fuel exports 39.9 51.1
Côte d’Ivoire Agricultural exports 3.7 76.3
Ecuador Agricultural exports 10.9 90.8
Ethiopia Agricultural exports 16.2 81.9
Ghana Minerals, ores and metals exports 11.5 51.1
Iceland Agricultural exports 0.0 84.2
Iran Fuel exports 25.7 72.5
Jamaica Minerals, ore and metals exports 1.7 89.2
Kazakhstan Fuel exports 21.9 83.9
Kenya Agricultural exports 2.9 67.5
Kuwait Fuel exports 46.0 92.9
Malaysia Fuel exports 9.5 29.3
Mongolia Minerals, ore and metals exports 18.9 78.5
Mozambique Minerals, ores and metals exports 11.1 89.4
Namibia Minerals, ore and metals exports 2.0 59.7
New Zealand Agricultural exports 1.6 72.3
Niger Minerals, ore and metals exports 8.0 60.7
Nigeria Fuel exports 12.9 93.2
Norway Fuel exports 8.5 78.2
Oman Fuel exports 34.4 79.9
Paraguay Agricultural exports 1.7 87.8
Peru Minerals, ore and metals exports 7.2 69.5
Qatar Fuel exports 31.9 88.8
Russia Fuel exports 14.8 70.6
Rwanda Minerals, ore and metals exports 6.0 67.5
Saudi Arabia Fuel exports 37.4 83.3
Uganda Agricultural exports 11.8 64.1
United Arab Emirates Fuel exports 20.9 44.8
Uruguay Agricultural exports 1.3 73.6
Zambia Minerals, ores and metals 14.5 83.3